The distributions of woodland jumping mice (Napaeozapus insignis Miller) and white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque) and their associated microhabitats were examined in four habitat types in the Pisgah National Forest of western North Carolina. A total of 115 jumping mice and 192 white-footed mice were collected using arrays of drift fences with pitfalls in 3 north-facing and 3 south-facing upland plots, and in 3 north- and 3 south-facing streamside plots, during the autumn of 1996 and the spring and summer of 1997. Napaeozapus were strongly associated with cooler, moister habitats with high volume of heavily decomposed logs, but P. leucopus were ubiquitous. Results indicate that P. leucopus is a habitat generalist whereas N. insignis is a habitat specialist. Indirect effects such as the availability of subterranean fungi as food may explain the distribution of Napaeozapus at smaller scales.